dc.description.abstract |
Any plan related to inter-basin transfer of water from a water-surplus basin to
a water-deficit basin has to take into account the water availability and demands under the
present and future scenarios of water use. A conceptual spatially distributed water balance
model has been developed to simulate various components of the hydrologic cycle at the
scale of a river basin. In this model, focus is given to incorporate the spatial variation of land
use, soil type, rainfall, evapo-transpiration, physiographic characteristics, groundwater
conditions, river network and hydraulic structures in a river basin. GIS is employed to link
the spatial data with the simulation model and to project the model results in map form for
easy visualization. The basin is divided into grid cells of uniform size (~1 km) and the
model computes various components of hydrologic cycle such as actual crop evapotranspiration,
overland flow, groundwater recharge, and residual soil water content at weekly
time step for each grid cell. The model brings out total water availability in the basin; water
consumed by different uses; and water storage in different hydraulic structures, in soil water
zone, and in groundwater aquifer in a river basin. Using this model, various scenarios of
water availability in a river basin can be generated. In addition, another model named
‘NIH_ReSyP’ has been developed for the simulation of a multi-purpose multi-reservoir
system, spread across many basins, for conservation and flood control purposes. By taking
repeated runs of reservoir simulation model for different scenarios of water availability and
demands, reliability and sustainability of various water resources management plans can be
examined. |
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