37-Melt-Runoff Delaying Characteristics of Gangotri Glacier.

Abstract

Most of the Himalayan basins have considerable snow and glacier covered areas. The melt contribution in such rivers augments their flows in the lean season, thereby reducing the variation in water availability. Depending upon the prevailing climatic conditions, the runoff contribution from the glaciers in the Himalayan rivers starts in May after depletion of accumulated seasonal snow. Usually melt contribution from these glaciers continues till October. The melt water generated in the glacierized basin appears as runoff at the snout of glacier with a time-lag. Changes in delaying characteristics of the runoff over the melt season can be understood by studying the variation in time to peak (tn) and time-lag (t1) between melt generation and its emergence as runoff. In the recent study, the runoff delaying characteristics of the Gangotri Glacier in the Garhwal Himalayas (glacierized area 286 km2; drainage area 556 km2) have been studied. For this purpose, hourly discharge and temperature data were collected near the snout of the glacier (approx 4000 m) for the entire ablation period (May—October, 2004). The diurnal variations in the hydrograph and temperature observed under clear weather provided useful information for this study. In the early stages of the ablation period, poor drainage network and stronger storage characteristics of the glaciers due to the presence of seasonal snow cover resulted in a much delayed response of melt water, providing a higher t, and ti,. A comparison of runoff delaying parameters with discharge ratio clearly indicated that changes in time-lag and time to peak are inversely correlated with variations in discharge.