http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7958 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 22:11:19 GMT 2026-04-21T22:11:19Z http://192.168.134.211:8080/xmlui/bitstream/id/c2eb019b-de77-4352-a978-b8a27f4c6e26/logo-2.png http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7958 http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8014 Report on Modeling and management of erosion and sedimentation processes in a stretch of Gandak River using morphodynamic modeling :A Purpose Driven Study under National Hydrology Project (PDS NO: NIH-34 _ 2019 _107) Mani, Pankaj; Kumar, Rakesh; Patra, J. P. Patra Scientist E Dr Biswajit Chakravorty,; Chakravorty, Biswajit A project proposal entitled “Modelling and management of erosion and sedimentation processes in alluvial river using morphodynamic modelling” was submitted to National Hydrology Project (NHP) as Purpose Driven Study (PDS) in May 2019. National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Patna is the lead organization and Water Recourses Department (WRD), Government of Bihar (GoB) is the partner organization in this PDS study. WRD nominated officials from Flood Management Improvement Support Centre (FMISC), WRD GoB as Principal Investigator (PI) and Co-PI (Annexure-I). The partner organization has the responsibility of providing the logistic support during field visit, data support and identification of a study site. Altogether 15 vulnerable sites (8 on Gandak river, 6 on Kosi river and one on Ganga river) were intimated by FMISC (Annexure-II). For this study the site one Gandak river from Kunwari village (near 47 km. of Saran Embankment) in u/s of Rewa Ghat up to Baligaon (near 30 km. of Saran Embankment) in d/s of Rewa Ghat bridge was finalized in consultation with FMISC. The main reason for selection of this stretch was its vulnerability to bank erosion at several locations and many anti-erosion works have been carried out in this stretch. However, the problem is not limited to this stretch and is widely spread over the entire alluvial stretch of Gangetic plain, and therefore, the lesson learnt from the specific study may be transferred to other reaches aslso. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8014 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8013 Leachate Transport Modeling for Gazipur landfill site for suggesting ameliorative measures (PDS NO: NIH-32_2019_105) Anjali; Kumar, Sudhir; Tyagi, J.V.; Sharma, M.K. Historically, landfills have been the most common method of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. On one hand, the properly managed landfill can become a source of energy generation and on the other a poorly managed landfill can become a source of air and water pollution. Solid waste landfills comprise a variety of solid, semi-solid, and small quantities of liquid wastes. These landfills generally remain open for decades before undergoing closure and post closure phases. During this period, contamination of air by the obnoxious gasses produced in the landfill and contamination of groundwater by the percolation of leachate occurs. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8013 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8012 Groundwater Quality Assessment with Special Reference to Sulphate contamination in Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh State and Ameliorative Measures (PDS NO. NIH-29_2017-70) Sharma, M. K.; Jain, C. K.; Singh, Surjeet; Kumar, Pradeep Groundwater is one of the most important sources for drinking water supply in the state of Chhattisagrh. The groundwater of Bemetara district is affected by sulphate contamination reported by Public Health Engineering Department, Durg. Therefore, Bemetara district is selected for the purpose-driven study of sulphate contamination in groundwater in collaboration of Water Resources Department (WRD), Govt. of Chhattisagarh, Raipur and NCCR, CGWB, Raipur. Based on the suggestion of WRD, Raipur the study is focused on Maniyari shell formation region for tracking the problem in a real sense. Hence, the study area is extended from the district Bemetara to Maniyari shell formation region. The high concentration of sulphate in groundwater is reported due to the dissolution of gypsum veins present within Maniyari shale formation. High concentration of sulphate in groundwater causes gastrointestinal irritation. Seventy-two groundwater samples were collected from different drinking water sources extensively being used in the study area during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2018-19 and 2019-20 and analyzed for determination of physico-chemical parameters and metal concentrations. Hydro-chemical data for the pre- and post monsoon seasons were processed as per BIS and WHO standards to examine the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. TDS, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate and Nitrate and metal concentrations viz; Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd and As in the groundwater at few locations in the study area were found exceeded the maximum permissible limit prescribed by BIS (2012) for drinking water. The quality of the groundwater was found to vary from place to place for varying depth of water table. Ionic relationships were developed and water types were also identified. Spatial distribution maps were prepared in the form of contour diagrams to identify degraded water quality zones, and also the possible sources of pollution and specific parameters not conforming to drinking/ & irrigation water quality standards. Suitability of ground water for irrigation purpose was also assessed on the basis of total soluble salts, SAR, and RSC, and found to be fit for irrigation. Classification of water was made using Pipertrilinear diagram, Chadha’s diagram and U.S. Salinity Laboratory Classification. Majority of the samples from the study area was detected to belong to Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 or Ca-Mg-CO3-HCO3 hydrochemical facies, and fall under water types C3-S1 followed by C2-S1 for both pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The C3-S1 type water (high salinity and low SAR) cannot be used on soils with restricted drainage. Hydro-chemical data was also processed to understand the Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8012 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8011 Hydrological Modelling for Evaluation of Return Flow and Irrigation Planning for Optimal Utilization of Water Resources in the Command of Sanjay Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh (PDS NO: NIH-28_2017_69) Jaiswal, R.K.; Galkate, Ravi; Thomas, T.; Indwar, Shashi P.; Lohani, A.K.; Kumar, Sudhir; Singh, Surjeet India is an agrarian country that uses its major portion of surface and groundwater resources for irrigation. The losses through conveyance and application are the major losses in irrigation and a significant portion of released water from the reservoir may emerge downstream of the river called regenerated flow. Presently in Madhya Pradesh state, a fixed 10% of water release is used as regenerated flow from the command which needs to be verified using scientific assessment for optimal utilization. The WRD MP and NIH RC, Bhopal took up a collaborative research study to identify different hydrological components for computation of return flow and development of a management model for optimal utilization of irrigation water in the irrigation command. This purpose-driven study under the National Hydrology Project has been taken up on the command of the Sanjay Sagar Project situated on the Bah River in the Vidisha district of M.P. Under the Sanjay Sagar project, a dam is constructed in the year 2014 on river Bah with a gross storage capacity of 86.40 MCM to irrigate 9398 ha area in the command during the Rabi season. In the present study, three different modeling and measurement techniques i.e. water balance, isotopic analyses, and hydrological modeling were used to compute surface and sub surface components of irrigation return flow in an irrigation command. The water balance technique was applied through monitoring and measurement after careful analysis of the system. More than 400 water samples from diverse sources including rainfall, dams, canals, rivers, open/bore wells, and hand pumps were analyzed for isotopic analysis. The end member mixing model was used to identify the contribution in open wells and rivers from rainfall and canal/dam water. The SWAT model was used as the third method, a well-proven model for analyzing large-scale hydrological processes in a basin. The model was initially calibrated and validated for virgin flow for the period of 1991-2013 and then two different runs were made with and without the dam and command for the period of 2014 to 2022 (After the construction of the dam in 2013). For running these scenarios, necessary changes were made in the model structure, and results were compared to compute return flow components. The water balance analysis confirmed that a major portion of released ware from the dam in the range of 12.3 to 35.9% with an average of 22.9% reaching the Bah river as regenerated flow, while 1.9 to 16% with an average of 10.2% reached groundwater as recharge. The isotopic analysis provided qualitative results of contribution in open and confined wells and rivers from irrigation water with nearly 81 % and 9% contribution of canal water to open wells and bore wells respectively. The SWAT model results showed nearly 27.8% emerged as regenerated flow and 8.9% as recharge due to the application of irrigation in Sanjay Sagar‘s command. The field data for soil samples were collected and analyzed for textural analysis and soil water retention properties. Soil water retention is an important characteristic of irrigation planning. The soil is mainly silty loam having field capacity and wilting point of 35.8 and 19.6% respectively. The NAM model for the Bah River up to the G/D site was set up and the model was calibrated and validated for the period from 1991 to 2005 and validated from 2006 to 2013. The coefficient of determination (R2) found during calibration and validation for daily modeling were 0.68 and 0.62 respectively showing a good match between observed and simulated runoff data. After successfully developing the NAM model, a MIKE HYDRO basin model for irrigation management of Sanjay Sagar command was developed in which calibrated parameters of the NAM model were used to determine inflows into the reservoir to feed water to four water user associations (WUAs) as irrigation users. The cropping pattern in the study area is mainly wheat and very small areas of gram. The developed management model in MIKE HYDRO basin was run from 2015 to 2021 and determined yearly demand and deficit for different WUAs. The model was run for four different management scenarios and the best result was found with no deficit was found at 75% conveyance efficiency with the sprinkler irrigation method. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/8011 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z