http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6831 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 17:52:27 GMT 2026-04-05T17:52:27Z http://192.168.134.211:8080/xmlui/bitstream/id/856ab265-1972-4dfd-883e-f246d2cb1093/Cover.jpg http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6831 http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6840 Contents National Institute of Hydrology Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6840 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6839 1-Hydrological Importance of Himalayan Snow Ice and Glaciers. Bahadur, Jagdish The paper introduces Himalayan snow, ice and glacier fields as the tallest water tower of the world having great spatial and temporal variability in microclimatic conditions and specific water yields from the mountainous catchments. The status of glacier inventory as given by various workers has been included pointing out that about 50,000 km2 of glacier area lying in India, Nepal, Bhutan, China and Pakistan, drain into the Indian land mass. Atmospheric circulation and general climatological aspects are outlined including the powerful heating effect of Tibetan Plateau, westerly disturbances, monsoon depression, vertical meridian circulation and local warm islands on each mountain. Hydrological characteristics of the high mountain watersheds are treated in some details with regard to drainage variations from melt-water contributions in space and time domain. Indian contributions to snow and glacier hydrology have been reviewed since 1945 giving the salient findings by various investigators. The research needs have been highlighted for maintaining multidisciplinary thrust in the important fields of snow and glacier hydrology to the nation. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6839 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6838 2-Understanding Hydrological Processes of Himalayan Glacier Regime - Challanges Ahead. Thayyen, Renoj J. This paper focuses on problems associated with the present approach of extrapolating hydrologic and climatic variables using generalised relationship to the glacier regime to estimate the runoff without standardizing the altitudinal response of these parameters within the glacial regime of Himalaya. Distribution characteristics of major glacier runoff variables such as melt rate, temperature, monsoon rainfall and winter SWE are discussed with examples from Dokriani glacier. The need of hydrological and weather data above 2500-3000 m asl, across the Himalayan arc for characterising the hydrological and climatic processes operating in the Himalayan snow and glacier regime and study of its variability in a longer time scale to assess the future changes to the glaciers and to the headwater river runoff, is emphasized. An approach towards undertaking conjunctive studies of glacier, snow and monsoon regimes in the headwater catchments is proposed to model the headwater river runoff variability in Himalayan snow/glacier resource management perspective. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6838 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6837 3-Modelling of Stremflow for the Glacierized Basin. Singh, Pratap To exploit and develop the available water resources, a better understanding of melting, storage and drainage processes, and routing of the melt water through glaciers is essential. Snow melt or glacier melt models are categorized on the basis of approach adopted for snow or ice melting computation. The first approach is known as energy budget or the energy balance approach and the second is the temperature index or degree-day approach. The energy balance or heat budget of a snowpack governs the production of meltwater. The specific type of data required for the energy budget method is rarely available for carrying out the snow and glacier melt studies. The most easily available data are daily maximum and minimum temperatures. So the temperature indices are widely used in the melt estimation because it is generally considered to be the best index of the heat transfer processes associated with the snowmelt. A conceptual hydrological model was developed for simulating daily streamflow from Gangotri Glacier at a site located very close to the snout of glacier. Temperature index approach was used for computing the melting from the study basin. The model was tested for 4 ablations seasons and the performance of the model was very good for all ablation seasons. Wed, 01 Jan 2003 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6837 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z