http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6749 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:49:17 GMT 2026-04-05T18:49:17Z http://192.168.134.211:8080/xmlui/bitstream/id/0b16307c-9994-4378-be99-1a0840c4f1f8/Cover.jpg http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6749 http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6757 Contents National Institute of Hydrology Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6757 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6756 1-Emerging Trends in Surface Water Hydrology. Seth, S. M. Land and water resources are the greatest assets of our country and only by their proper utilisation we can banish poverty and raise the standards of living of millions of our people particularly in rural areas. Before independence, the hydrological analyses in our country were carried out mainly on the basis of thumb rules and empirical formulae. The empirical methods were generally used for planning and design. The operation of water resources projects used to be governed by rigid operating rules resulting in many practical problems. The major hurdle in the use of rational techniques was the non-availability of sufficient hydrological, hydro-meteorological and other related data and also the absence of good computational facilities. With the availability of more and more observed data and access to relatively much better computational facilities, considerable research and developmental activities have taken place in the area of hydrology and water widely used. The advent of high speed digital computers and their wide applications have helped the hydrologists to develop more refined methodologies for solution of various hydrological problems. The GIS packages have been developed for processing storing and retrieving the Geographical Information such as topographical features, .soil characteristics, land use details etc. which are very frequently needed for hydrological modelling. This paper describes the current status of the methodologies being adopted for solving the various problems and emerging trends in different areas of surface water hydrology. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6756 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6755 2-Isotope Techniques in Hydrology. Rao, S. M. Isotope hydrology is one of the two modern tools in hydrological investigations, the other being remote sensing. Isotope techniques are today well established and their utility has been well demonstrated over the last 3 decades by the efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency and countries like India. Some Indian examples include studies on groundwater recharge processes in western Rajasthan, studies on some geothermal water in India, paleo-transgressions of the sea in the East Coast, river- groundwater interconnection, coastal dispersion of sewage and lake dynamics and sedimentation studies. Inspite of the well proven achievements on isotope hydrology in India and elsewhere, the methodology is still to be well integrated with other techniques in field hydrology. The reasons are probably that the techniques are more basic science oriented and are equipment- intensive, needing elaborate laboratory support. One way to overcome the situation could be introduction of isotope techniques in hydrology in the university curricula. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6755 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6754 3-Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Rainfall-Runoff Modelling. Jain, Sharad K.; Chalisgaonkar, Deepa The design, analysis and management of the water resources systems, involves modelling and prediction of the behavior of complex systems. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) can be used in a large variety of problems, e.g. mapping, dynamic process modelling, optimisation, image processing, data analysis, forecasting, simulation, function approximation etc. Due to the distributed nature of ANNs, destruction of a few nodes or presence of some inconsistent data does not adversely affect the performance of ANNs. An ANN model was applied to rainfall-runoff simulation of an Indian catchment. Hourly rainfall, discharge and potential evaporation data were used The results show acceptable match between the observed and computed discharges. Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/6754 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z