http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 18:31:17 GMT 2026-04-05T18:31:17Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7993 Contents National Institute of Hydrology Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7993 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7992 Lecture-1-An Overview of Lakes and Their Management-The Indian Scenario Sharma, K. D. There is no specific definition for Lakes in India. The word "Lake" is used loosely to describe many types of water bodies — natural, manmade and ephemeral including wetlands. Many of them are euphemistically called Lakes more by convention and a desire to be grandiose rather than by application of an accepted definition. Vice versa, many lakes are categorized as wetlands while reporting under Ramsar Convention. India abounds in water bodies, a preponderance of them manmade, typical of the tropics. The manmade (artificial) water bodies are generally called Reservoirs, Ponds and Tanks though it is not unusual for some of them to be referred to as lakes. Ponds and tanks are small in size compared to lakes and reservoirs. Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7992 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7991 Lecture-2-Introduction to Lakes and Their Hydrology. Dwivedi, V. K. Water in rivers and lakes amount to be less than 1% of (by volume) the world's water budget but its importance to life and human geography is enormous. It is estimated that the world's lakes contain about four times more fresh water than its river, yet curiously enough they are more euphoiral. Still lakes are used extensively in many countries as the natural centers of civilization. In India, even during Maurya period (320 BC) a major reservoir called Sudarshana Lake was made at the floor of Mount Girnar in Western India (Winderlich etal., 1987). A lake plays a significant role in shaping the hydrological, ecological, environmental, socio-economical balance of that region and the country as a whole. Lake is also a place for sanctuary for migrating birds, development of flora and fauna and an excellent spot for habitation of aquatic biota which are important for maintaining the ecological and environmental balance and the hydrological cycle. Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7991 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7990 Lecture-3-Hydrological Monitoring of Lakes and Their Catchments - Water Quality Bathymetry and Soils Properties. Singh, Omkar Water is a prime natural resource, a basic human need and a precious national asset. Planning, development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspectives. As per the latest assessment (1993), out of the total precipitation, including snowfall, of around 4000 billion cubic metre in the country, the availability from surface water and replenishable ground water is put at 1869 billion cubic metre. Because of topographical and other constraints, about 60% of this i.e. 690 billion cubic metre from surface water and 432 billion cubic metre from ground water, can be put to beneficial use. Availability of water is highly uneven in both space and time. Precipitation is confined to only about three or four months in a year and varies from 100 mm in the western parts of Rajasthan to over 10000 mm at Cherrapunji in Meghalaya. Water as a resource is one and indivisible: rainfall, river waters, surface ponds and lakes and ground water are all part of one system. Water is a scarce and precious national resource to be planned, developed, conserved and managed as such, and on an integrated and environmentally sound basis, keeping in view the socio-economic aspects and needs of the States. It is one of the most crucial elements in developmental planning. Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7990 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z