10-A Project Reoprt on Investigation of Trace Metals by ICP-MS Assessment of Hydrochemistry & Ground Water Quality in Moth Block at Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh)

Abstract

In recent years, the increasing threat to ground water quality due to human activities has become a matter of great concern. The population of Jhansi is increasing day by day leading to increase in the abstraction and contamination of groundwater, and have increased concern about the fate of groundwater quality. The report presents an assessment of hydrochemistry and groundwater quality index of Moth block of district Jhansi. Twenty groundwater samples from different places of study area (Moth block) were collected and analyzed for pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K+), Total Hardness (TH), Calcium(Ca2÷), Magnesium(Mg2+), Bicarbonate(HCO3), Sulphate (S042), Nitrate (NO3), Fluoride (F) and Chloride (CY). The samples were analysed following standard method. The variations in pH (7.16-7.87), EC (460-2106 1.1S/cm), TDS (261.82-1360 mg/L), Nat(25.65-209.37 mg/L), IC (0.43-12.31 mg/L), TH (75.57-792.77 mg/L), Calk (10.90-256.89 mg/L), Mg2+(8.34-75.89 mg/L),HCO3-(253.25-612.75 mg/L), 5042- (0.61-247.12 mg/L), NO3-(2.64-127.61 mg/L),F (0.36-6.11 mg/L) and Cl" (3.52- 4.23.25 mg/L)was observed. Chemical analyses of water samples showed that calcium and bicarbonate are the dominant cation and anion, respectively. The water type is Ca-Mg-HCO3 based on hydro-chemical faces using Piper's diagram. The results were compared with the drinking water standard (BIS 10500:2012) to assess the suitability for drinking purpose. The suitability for irrigation purpose was assessed with the help of water quality indicators viz., sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and percent sodium (%Na). The results revealed that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.

The bacteriological parameters for the collected samples were analysed for Total Coliform (0-1100 per 100 ml MPN) and Fecal Coliform (0-460 per 100 ml MPN). According to BIS (2012), TC and FC in ground water shall not be detectable in any sample for drinking purpose.

Toxicity of a metal depends on its concentration, which adversely affects any biological activity. Almost all the metals are toxic at higher concentration; few of

them are toxic in even in trace e.g. As, Pb, Hg Cd, etc. The presence of such metals in ground water is a subject of serious concern. Groundwater which contains higher amount of metals and large or trace quantity of toxic metals, affects health to a great extent when it is used for drinking and domestic purposes. The impact of trace metals in drinking water is generally cumulative, by which the prolonged use of such water is dangerous for health. Hence the measurement of trace element concentration and analysis of their periodicity of fluctuation and trend is necessary. The study revealed that the concentration of Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb crossed the minimum permissible limits of BIS in the most of sites. The concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cu and Zn in the groundwater of the study area were within the limits prescribed by BIS (2012). The maximum concentration of Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb were recorded as 4.927, 0.0545, 16.822, 0.354, 0.030, and 0.011 respectively. The WQI was applied to assess the suitability for drinking purpose and it was found that 45%, 35%, 20% collected samples were under poor, marginal. fair designation respectively.On applying HWQI to the collected samples, 45%, 35%, 15%, 5% samples belong to marginal, poor, fair, good designation respectively and 60%,20%, 10%, 10% belong to marginal, poor, fair, good designation respectively in the terms of AWQI. The residents of these areas should be provided with some alternate source of water for drinking or the available groundwater should be utilized after treatment.