VI-9-Water Quality Status of India in Changing Environment.

Abstract

Water is a central resource supporting human activities and ecosystems. The hydrologic cycle, a fundamental component of climate, is likely to be altered in important ways by climate change. Significant changes in average temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture caused by climate change are very likely to also affect demand in most sectors, especially in the agriculture, forestry, and municipal sectors. Changes are also likely in the timing, intensity, and duration of both floods and droughts, with related changes in water quality. Although a full understanding of, or appreciation for, the magnitude and consequences of climate change is yet to emerge, and therefore there is no consensus on how to best adapt or mitigate its impacts at a local, regional. national or global level. Due to increase in urbanization and industrialization in India, both surface and ground water resources are being contaminated day by day. The decline in quantity and deterioration of water quality are directly attributable to the increasing demands of water by various sectors of water uses, indiscriminate disposal of wastes from different sources including urban settlements, industries and agricultural activities. In the present paper, the status of water quality of surface water resources and groundwater resources in India has been discussed. Further probable effect of climate change on water quality parameters and their consequences have also been discussed. Suggestions have also been given to preserve the water quality of water resources for different designated uses.