40.-Ground water pollution in urban areas and its effect on groundwater regime.

Abstract

The causes and nature of various inorganic, organic and metallic constituents of wells in major cities in India were investigated in a detailed industrialisation and urbanisation study. The inorganic, organic and heavy metal constituents including colour unit frequently exceeded the WHO/BIS standards for drinking water. Groundwater chemical constituents were measured over a field season programme in monitoring wells placed strategically in relation to city wastes drainage, industrial drains and spread. Results indicate that rapid urbanisation and industrialisation are major source of the inorganic, organic and heavy metals in the groundwater and the inputs are markedly dependent on wet drains resulting in surge of the chemical constituents in to the groundwater. Pollution of Groundwater due to urbanisation and industrialisation is were investigated in Pali, Jodhpur and kota towns in Rajasthan; Ranipeth, Amber and Vaniyambadi towns in North-Arcot- Ambedkar district in Tamil Nadu; Gorakhpur Kanpur, Mathura, and Agra city in UP, Nagpur in Maharastra, and Chaliyar river banks in Kerala; The types of pollutants generally encountered are of biological, toxic metals, and chemical compounds of health hazards. Case histories are illustrated from Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, Bhopal and Ratlam in Madhya Pradesh, Gaziabad and Noida in Utter Pradesh and Ludhiana in Punjab.