75-Optimization of sewage treatment technologies on the basis of Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)

Abstract

There are many Sewage Treatment technologies available for the treatment and reuse of sewage in India and to select a technology that is appropriate for the desired treatment in the specific region such as rural, urban or metropolitan area depends on the volume of daily flow, sewage characteristics, degree of treatment needed, disposal of the effluent, area of land required for the plant, capital cost of installation, power required for the treatment, annual operation and maintenance cost. It is found that the Waste Stabilization Pond is the most economical and cost effective technology to treat municipal sewage where the cost of land is low i.e. approx. in the range upto Rs. 50 Lacs per ha (i.e., Rs. 50 per sqft or Rs. 500.00/sqm). Where the cost of land is medium, i.e. beyond Rs. 50 Lacs per ha, the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) with final polishing pond is economical upto Rs.100Lacs per ha. For high land cost above Rs.100 Lacs per ha or scarcity of land, Fluidized Aerobic Bed (FAB) Reactor, Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) & Activated Sludge Process (ASP) are found to be economical.