http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1485 2026-02-08T11:58:47Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7495 Title: Assessment of Extreme Storm Conditions for an Urban Drainage System Authors: Osheen; Kansal, Mitthan Lal; Bisht, Deepak Singh Abstract: Urban flooding is a combination of natural and anthropogenic hazards which is of major concern to the various stakeholders in society. It causes discomfort and retardation to the fast-moving life of the urban conglomerate and poses a challenge to the water professionals. A drainage network is designed and installed in a city to quickly drain off the excess runoff from the catchment without causing any disturbance to the life. This study focuses on the frequency analysis of past rainfall data and assesses the extreme storm condition for a typical drainage system. Multiple scenarios for simulating rainfall-runoff response to different shapes of hyetograph were studied to analyze the performance of the drainage system. The hyetograph peaks of design storms were primarily rearranged to different time steps of simulation period to study the change in overall response of urban drainage system in terms of flood duration, number of flooding nodes, and flood volume. The MIKE+ is used to conduct a comparative analysis of a part of Gurugram City, Haryana, India, which is a major economic center. The results of the study show that the maximum flood volume is corresponding to the hyetograph designed using the alternate block method. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7468 Title: Soil Moisture–Vegetation Stress–Based Agricultural Drought Index Integrating Remote Sensing–Derived Soil Moisture and Vegetation Indices Authors: Singh, Gurjeet; Bisht, Deepak Singh Abstract: Agricultural drought has significant impacts on society and governance, including reduced food production and revenue. Thus, accurate monitoring and assessment of drought is crucial to provide an early warning system for socioeconomic impacts resulting from prolonged moisture deficit. Although meteorological drought provides a potential signature for water availability, it is insufficient to fully characterize agricultural drought. More efficient calculation and assessment methods are required that account for cropping patterns, soil characteristics, and soil moisture patterns to reflect actual crop water stress. To address this need, an integrated approach called the Soil Moisture–Vegetation Stress-Based Agricultural Drought Index (SVADI) is discussed herein. The approach utilizes remote sensing observations of soil moisture and vegetation to derive soil moisture and vegetation stress-based drought indices. Shannon's entropy formula is employed to dynamically combine the indices and determine their relative importance. Findings of the study establish SVADI as an effective tool for accurately assessing agricultural drought in the region. The study focuses on eastern India, consisting of five Indian states (Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal), which can also be implemented elsewhere. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7116 Title: Environmental Tracers in the Identification of the Groundwater Salinity—Case Studies from Northwest India Authors: Krishan, Gopal; Kumar, Bhishm; Rao, M. S.; Yadav, Brijesh K.; Kansal, M. L.; Garg, Rahul; Kumar, Mohit; Kumar, Ravi Abstract: In the face of the burgeoning climate crisis and ever-increasing human consumption demands, the disparate distribution of the water cycle is greatly amplified, resulting in frequent extreme events like drought and flooding. Groundwater is the essential component of this water cycle which interacts with all other parameters. Several large aquifers worldwide face huge water scarcity due to excessive groundwater pumping for agricultural and industrial demand, reduced infiltration capacity due to land-use changes, and human-induced climate crises. The sub-surface component and the stream discharge of major rivers, supporting massive civilizations, are on the verge of drying up due to decreased base flow. Groundwater has been largely used as a major source of irrigation water. Its excessive use and a change in cropping pattern have led to its declination in quantity and deterioration in quality (MacDonald et al. 2016; Siebert et al. 2010; Wada et al. 2014). In addition to the anthropogenic contaminants in groundwater such as nitrates, pesticides, feeds (Burow et al. 2008; Harter et al. 2012), and geogenic pollutants such as arsenic, uranium, fluoride (Jurgens et al. 2010; Ravenscroft et al. 2013; Smith et al. 2018) groundwater is also contaminated by total dissolved solids (TDS) occurring naturally or anthropogenically cause groundwater salinity (Triki et al. 2014). One significant impact of low water quantity is on surface–subsurface water quality. In conditions of low aquifer recharge, the incomplete dilution of dissolved solids in groundwater leads to a spike in TDS levels inside the aquifer. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://117.252.14.250:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7115 Title: Groundwater Resources in Punjab and Bist-Doab Area: An Appraisal and Overview Authors: Krishan, Gopal; Rao, M. S.; Ghosh, N. C. Abstract: Punjab, a land of five rivers (in hindi Punch nada), namely, Beas, Sutlej, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum are historically part of larger Punjab region comprising parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan on international front and states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh (trifurcated into 3 states: punjabi speaking Punjab, and hindi speaking Haryana in 1966 and Himachal Pradesh in 1971), parts of Jammu & Kashmir and Delhi at national front. Punjab is historically considered as the breadbasket and a role model for green revolution in India. However, it is presently under serious threat of groundwater level decline, salinity problem and also aquifer contamination. To understand the issues, trends and challenges of groundwater resource, a comprehensive outlook on characteristic and property, which shape and are responsible for such abnormality to happen, is needed for deriving a technically sound sustainable solution. To appraise the issues and challenges, an overview covering hydrogeology, changing scenarios of groundwater resources, soils, trends in groundwater levels, quality of groundwater, etc. together with an indepth analysis of the Bist-Doab area, as a case study are described. The data and results compiled from different publications are duly acknowledged. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z